Evaluation of Awareness Level, Security Action, and Cybersecurity Phenomena in The General Public
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between public awareness, security behavior, and cybersecurity phenomena among general internet users in Indonesia. The research was motivated by the increasing number of cybersecurity threats and incidents that affect everyday digital activities such as online transactions, data storage, and communication. To collect relevant data, a questionnaire containing 15 Likert-scale questions divided into three constructs—Awareness, Security Behavior, and Cybersecurity Phenomena—was distributed online and successfully completed by 100 respondents from diverse backgrounds. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS software to examine both the measurement and structural models. The results confirmed that awareness significantly and positively influences security behavior (path coefficient = 0.755; t-statistic = 13.999; p-value = 0.000), while awareness and security behavior each have significant effects on the occurrence of cybersecurity phenomena (path coefficients = 0.320 and 0.468, respectively). These findings imply that higher levels of awareness drive better security actions, which in turn help minimize cybersecurity risks. The R² values for Security Behavior and Cybersecurity Phenomena are 0.570 and 0.547, indicating moderate explanatory power. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights on how improving awareness and promoting proactive security behavior can strengthen resilience against cybersecurity incidents. The results are expected to support future initiatives in public digital literacy and policy development related to cybersecurity risk management.
References
F. Alotaibi, S. Furnell, I. Stengel, and M. Papadaki, “A Review of Using Gaming Technology for Cyber-Security Awareness,” 2016. [Online]. Available: www.gamespot.com;
J. Pengabdian, K. Masyarakat, and K. Yuliawan, “PELATIHAN SMARTPLS 3.0 UNTUK PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF,” 2021.
Helmiawan, M. A., Firmansyah, E., Fadil, I., Sofivan, Y., Mahardika, F., & Guntara, A. (2020). Analysis of web security using open web application security project 10. 2020 8th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management
Helmiawan, M. A., Julian, E., Cahyan, Y., & Saeppani, A. (2021). Experimental evaluation of security monitoring and notification on network intrusion detection system for server security. 2021 9th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM ….
Helmiawan, M. A., Fadil, I., Sofiyan, Y., & Firmansyah, E. (2021). Security model using intrusion detection system on cloud computing security management. 2021 9th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM ….
Helmiawan, M. A., & Nasution, A. I. (2022). The Effect of Internet Banking Use and Customer Protection Against Cyber Crime at Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 2(2), 170–183.
M. Nusrang, M. Fahmuddin, and H. Hafid, “PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PENERAPAN METODE STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING-PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES (SEM-PLS) DALAM MENGEVALUASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PDRB DI INDONESIA”, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/Semnasdies62/index
N. Kortjan and R. von Solms, “A conceptual framework for cyber-security awareness and education in SA,” 2014.
M. Thakur, “Cyber Security Threats and Counter Measures in Digital Age,” Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASE), vol. 04, no. 042, pp. 1–20, 2024, doi: 10.54060/a2zjourna.
Z. Saizan and D. Singh, “CYBER SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG SOCIAL MEDIA USERS: CASE STUDY IN GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE (GMI),” Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia Jurnal Teknologi Maklumat dan Multimedia Asia-Pasifik, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 111–127, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.ftsm.ukm.my/apjitm
L. Li, L. Xu, W. He, Y. Chen, and H. Chen, “Cyber Security Awareness and Its Impact on Employee’s Behavior,” pp. 103–111, 2016, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-49944.